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Variability of spinopelvic alignment in human evolution
Mrázková, Karolína ; Rmoutilová, Rebeka (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
Spinopelvic alignment is caudal part of spine and pelvis, its sagittal geometry keeps stability of upright posture and bipedal locomotion. The aim of this bachelors thesis is to describe factors which influence spinopelvic parametres and to summarize main changes of spinopelvic alignment in the human evolution. Although during ontogenesis spinopelvic alignment is formed by acquisition of upright posture and bipedal locomotion, it is very variable in modern human and some parameters stay relatively plastic whole life. It enables to keep biomechanically useful geometry of spinopelvic alignment and to compsate factors which influence spinopelvic alignment. During evolution of hominins spinopelvic alignment changed in context of using bipedalism. It seems that there were exceptions which suggest that there was not just one adaptive way to upright posture and bipedalism.
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skeletal adaptations for bipedal locomotion and its possible effect on knee joint injuries
Karban, Tomáš ; Kautzner, Jakub (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
The subject of this Bachelor's Thesis is the change of locomotor pattern in human ancestors, which led to habitual bipedalism and associated skeletal adaptations, that changed functions of specific body parts. The main focus is on adaptations that adjusted the function of the knee joint, either directly by changing the anatomical structure in the knee area, or indirectly, for example, by increasing the tension in muscles or tendons due to weight transfer to the lower limb. Given adaptations are then a criterion for evaluating possible influence on typical knee injuries in modern human. Key words Bipedalism, locomotion, human, chimpanzee, injury, knee joint, knee, adaptation, evolution, anatomy
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Bipedal locomotion of primates: ecological, ontogenetic, and morphological aspects
Letošníková, Lenka ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis I focus on bipedal locomotion and bipedal posture of various primate species in a morphological, ontogenetic and ecological context. Nowadays, a habitual bipedalism is used only by human, about whom I mention only marginally with comparing him to the other primates in my thesis. First part of thesis deals with morphological aspects of bipedal primate locomotion, including description of anatomical differences of primate species and comparison of bipedal walk to quadrupedal walk. Next in thesis, I deal with ontogenetic aspects of bipedal primate locomotion, where I compare the rate of bipedal use among infant and adult primates and also among selected primate species. Finally, I describe the use of bipedal walk and bipedal postures of primates in different situations and ecological conditions. Keywords: bipedalism, primates, primate locomotion, ontogenetic aspects, morphology, ecological aspects, transport, human
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